Single-longitudinal-mode vortex Nd:YVO4 laser using a circular Dammann grating for pump shaping

In this research, a 1064 nm single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) vortex beam was generated from an annular-pumped Nd:YVO _4 microchip laser, in which a circular Dammann grating was used to reshape the 808 nm pump Natural Language Processing Techniques for Text Classification of Biomedical Documents: A Systematic Review light into an annular intensity profile.As a result, the laser emitted a Social Innovation in Education and Social Service Organizations. Challenges, Actors, and Approaches to Foster Social Innovation SLM LG _01 beam with a maximum output power of 192 mW.A straightforward technique for producing SLM vortex beams is made available by this work.